History
Kalarippayattu, often considered one of the oldest martial arts in the world, is a traditional combat system that originated in Kerala, India. Its history is deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual traditions of the region. Here’s an overview of its history
HISTORY
Origins and Historical Roots
Mythological Origins
According to legend, Kalarippayattu was created by Parashurama, the sixth avatar of Lord Vishnu, who is said to have reclaimed Kerala from the sea and established the art to protect the land and its people.
The term "Kalari" means training hall, and "Payattu" means practice or fight.
Historical Context
Kalarippayattu is believed to have originated around 3rd century BCE during the Sangam period, coinciding with the development of the warrior clans in Kerala.
It flourished under the patronage of local rulers, particularly during the Chera and later Zamorin reigns, who encouraged warriors to train in this sophisticated combat style.
Medieval Period
Peak of Popularity
Kalarippayattu gained prominence between the 12th and 16th centuries, especially during times of conflict among the various feudal kingdoms in Kerala.
Warriors known as Chekavars trained in Kalarippayattu served kings and nobles, playing a pivotal role in the famous Ankam (duels).
Structure and Philosophy
Training in Kalarippayattu was not merely about physical combat; it incorporated mental discipline, spiritual practice, and knowledge of the human body.
Colonial Suppression
During the British colonial period, Kalarippayattu, like many other traditional Indian practices, faced suppression. The British banned its practice in the 18th and 19th centuries, fearing that it could lead to uprisings and resistance.
Despite this, the art survived in secret, preserved by dedicated Gurukkals (masters) and their students.
Revival in the 20th Century
• In the early 20th century, Kalarippayattu saw a revival, led by cultural pioneers like C.V. Narayanan Nair and others who reintroduced the art form to the public.
• Today, Kalarippayattu is recognized as a cultural treasure of Kerala, blending martial art, performance art, and spiritual discipline.
Modern Adaptations
Global Recognition
Kalarippayattu, one of the oldest martial arts, has gained international acclaim for influencing modern practices like yoga and contemporary martial arts, while also being celebrated in global cultural festivals and film industries for its dynamic and aesthetic appeal.
Contemporary Practice
Kalaris (training spaces) in Kerala continue to uphold ancient traditions, blending rigorous physical practice with spiritual grounding, while organizations like the CVN Kalari network, rooted in the Malabar Vasudevan Gurukkal tradition, play a vital role in preserving its authenticity and promoting it globally.
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